Condition Articles-Achilles Tendinosis PDF

Achilles Tendinosis PDF

Pdf Summary

Achilles tendinosis is a condition that affects the Achilles tendon, which is the largest and strongest tendon in the body. It typically starts with acute inflammation and can progress to degenerative changes within the tendon, increasing the risk of rupture. The Achilles tendon is responsible for plantarflexing the ankle and is made up of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. It inserts into the calcaneal tuberosity and has two bursae, the retrocalcaneal bursa and the tendon bursa. The tendon does not have a true synovial sheath, but is enclosed in a paratenon. <br /><br />The Achilles tendon undergoes eccentric lengthening during dorsiflexion and concentric contraction during plantarflexion. The early stage of Achilles tendinosis is characterized by inflammation localized to the paratenon, while degenerative changes such as thickening, nodularity, softening, and fibrillation occur in the later stages. This degeneration can lead to a partial or complete rupture of the tendon.<br /><br />Clinical presentation of Achilles tendinosis includes pain in the distal Achilles near the insertion, which worsens with activity. Swelling and thickening along the tendon, as well as weakness and loss of motion, may also be present. The physical exam focuses on identifying the location of pain and assessing swelling. Imaging studies such as radiographs, MRI, and ultrasound can provide further information on the condition of the tendon.<br /><br />Treatment options for Achilles tendinosis initially involve nonoperative management such as anti-inflammatory medication, immobilization, activity modification, heel lifts, and physical therapy for stretching and strengthening. If conservative treatment fails, surgical options like debridement, repair, or augmentation with a Flexor Hallicus Longus transfer can be considered. Overall, Achilles tendinosis is a common condition that can often be effectively managed nonoperatively, but may require surgical intervention in more severe cases.

Keywords

Achilles tendinosis

Achilles tendon

inflammation

degenerative changes

rupture risk

gastrocnemius muscle

soleus muscle

calcaneal tuberosity

retrocalcaneal bursa

tendon bursa