Condition Articles-Achilles Tendon Rupture PDF

Achilles Tendon Rupture PDF

Pdf Summary

Achilles tendon ruptures are the most common tendon injury in the lower extremity, with an incidence of 5.5-9.9 ruptures per 100,000 people in North America. The increased participation of the aging population in physically demanding activity has led to a rise in the incidence of acute ruptures. Treatment decisions must be made on an individual basis, considering non-operative and surgical interventions. The Achilles tendon is derived from the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle, becoming a single tendon 15cm proximal to the calcaneal insertion. It provides the mechanism for plantarflexion of the ankle and functions eccentrically to prevent excessive dorsiflexion. Achilles tendon ruptures may be degenerative or the result of strong contraction of the calf muscles. The majority of ruptures occur during athletic activity, particularly forceful plantarflexion with the knee extended. Physical examination reveals weak plantarflexion strength, increased passive dorsiflexion, and a step-off in the Achilles tendon. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination, but MRI and ultrasound can aid in pre-operative planning. The optimal treatment for Achilles tendon ruptures is debated, with non-operative and surgical interventions offering advantages and potential complications. Non-operative treatment avoids the risks associated with surgery but has a higher re-rupture rate compared to surgery. Surgical options include traditional open procedures and mini-open procedures, which have different benefits and risks. Overall, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment, and each case should be evaluated individually considering the patient's overall health and expectations.

Keywords

Achilles tendon ruptures

lower extremity

tendon injury

incidence

non-operative treatment

surgical interventions

plantarflexion

dorsiflexion

diagnosis

optimal treatment