So I'm going to start by asking Ted and Don about childhood, childhood values. What do you remember about the childhood, and what would you say was influenced you from your childhood that perhaps influenced the way you looked at life? Start with Ted. Start with you. Me? Yeah. Well, as you saw by one of the pictures at least, I'm a true farm boy. And life was working on the farm as a child. And the thing I think that was pertinent is that my father was a coach, and a teacher, and a principal, and so forth. And so then we had a 300 acre farm. And so you can figure that about from the age of seven, I was the guy that ran the farm, and the tractors, and milked the cows, and did all this stuff a lot of time. And he apologized to me in later life about how much he made me work. He felt really bad about it. And I say, no, it was actually pretty good. It worked out well. When you have to be responsible for patients every day, and you've been responsible for milking a cow every day in your childhood, it makes it a lot easier. Great. Don? My parents, like Ted's, were educators. My father was a principal. We were in Atlanta. And all I wanted to do was go outside and play. I'd want to go behind the stores and play softball or football. And my mother was responsible for getting me in to study for three hours a day, which I wouldn't have done while my older brother was reading Russian novels, and reading the newspaper, and went to Yale and Harvard. All I wanted to do was play basketball or sports. And my mother drove me to study. And she insisted on that. And I'm here today because my parents were so rigid in their respect for education. So teachers generally have pretty good kids, because they have all the discipline to make you study. That's interesting that both of you had teacher parents. And what role models, other than your parents, do you think had played an important role in your life, or had important advice for you? Can you remember anything that would be particularly important to discuss or present? Yeah, I had, again, went back to some teachers that were fantastic. One in high school that taught Latin and the math courses and so forth, and was a big, tall, very severe sort of woman. She could freeze some of my friends that were goofing off in the back of the class by just looking at them sometimes. And they wouldn't make a peep for another couple of weeks. Then in college, I had a professor of biology. He's the one that kind of convinced me to switch out of theoretical math and start doing biological subjects. And he was the best teacher I ever saw. He'd put two colors of chalk in each hand. And he would draw things on the board about various types of anatomy, microanatomy, and so forth. Absolutely marvelous guy, but so shy, you could hardly talk to him. But he felt so strongly about teaching that he would spend a lot of time talking to people and even taking us on trips down to Malheur Lake to look at all the birds and the animals and the things. Even though he was so shy, it was painful for him to talk to people privately. But you know how that is. You may not like to talk to people privately, but that doesn't mean you don't like to talk to them when you're giving a lecture or giving teaching. I would like to say some football coach or something was inspirational, but they weren't all that great. I didn't. So it was really academic teachers that were my role models. The ones that were hard, too, apparently. The ones that pushed you. Yes. Oh, yeah. An easy teacher is a bad teacher, I think. You need one that makes you perform. Don. You know, I was thinking about this. Of course, I had a lot of, growing up, I had the minister of my church was very influential to me. And I respected him a lot. But once I got in the foot, which has been a long time ago, Ted a little longer than I've been, but I've been influenced by people in this society. Of course, Roger Mann was my teacher. I was his first fellow. And then Ken Johnson was really influential to me, all of his topics. And then I got the opportunity to take care of ballet dancers. And I knew absolutely nothing about ballet. Nothing. I took care of runners and athletes. And so the person I knew that knew about ballet was Bill Hamilton in New York. And so when I would get a ballet dancer that had a problem, I would get on the telephone and call Bill Hamilton. And he never failed to stop everything and talk to me about those cases. So I had a telephone fellowship with Bill Hamilton for ballet, which went on for about four or five years. And then I took care of the ballet for 20 years and became sort of famous for ballet injuries simply because I had someone in this society to call and talk to and mentor me with cases. And I told him that one time. He said, oh, no. And finally, periodically, he would have a dancer. And he would send him to Houston to see me. And I said, this is a roundabout thing for the teacher to send somebody. But other people have been in this society that have been Mel Joss. We're naming them. And this foot society has grown so much. And the people in here, you're so lucky to have people you can talk to and teach you. And then you can teach other people after you. And it goes downhill like that. Thank you. Yeah, that's good. One last question before I show a few cases. Why foot and ankle? Start with Ted again. Why foot? I mean, of all the things you could have done. Well, I must say that I love general trauma. And driving nails in people's femur, it's a real sort of release to get a hammer and hit something hard. And of course, but the other thing about it is that you can make such a tremendous change in people right away. But it comes along with taking NICOL. And so foot kind of got my interest in mechanical engineering, which is where I'd really started. There's nothing really that's got more sort of mechanical engineering principles in the body than the foot, lower extremity in the foot. And it's also because in our area there, nobody was doing foot surgery like I thought it could be done to really help people. And so I accomplished two things. I got to do things that even more mechanically engineering type thing than just doing general trauma and stop getting up some nights so much. People don't remember that when I started at Harborview in trauma, I was the only guy there for the first three years, and then one of two for a couple of years, and one of three. So if you take a long period of every other night call or every second night, third night call, you get enough of that after a while. Yeah, I know that too. Don? Yeah, you know, when I was a resident, I was the chief resident at the Shrine Hospital. And I got very interested in club feet and myelodysplasia and insensate feet. And several of us have been down to the leprosy column in Louisiana treating these insensate feet. And so I had a big interest in that, and I had some projects. And so when I got through my residency, I decided I wanted to be a spine surgeon. And I got accepted to a spine fellowship in New York. And I decided I better go tell my chief of my program, Mike Donovan, and his partner, Frank Parrish, who had been Patton's doctor during the Second World War. It gives you an idea of their personalities. And so I wanted to leave a month or two early because I didn't have any money. And back then, they didn't pay fellows for fellowships, and I'd saved up some money. And I wanted to go off for a fellowship. So I called a meeting, and I had these two chiefs of mine there. And I said, I want to go to New York. I've been accepted. And they looked at me, and they said, no, you're not. And I got indignant, and I said, what do you mean I'm not? They said, you're going to go do the foot and ankle. What we need in Houston is a foot and ankle surgeon. So I paused about two seconds. I looked at them, and I said, OK. So my decision occurred in two seconds. It's changed my life. And it was the best advice I ever had because this has been the greatest subspecialty. And I can't tell you how many blessings and how many great things have happened from being in the foot and ankle, all the sports figures I've seen. I've been all over the world with athletics and treated literally 100 world record holders and Olympic runners. And I would have never done that. Can you imagine being in the spine? How many of them are going to the Olympics in the 100-yard dash? OK, we're going to show some cases. I put together some cases, and then Lou showed and put some pictures in the middle of it. So I had the opportunity to have dinner with these guys last night and asked them if they wanted to know what I was going to show them. And they said no, which tells you about them. They want to be surprised. This is my only disclosure. And I think it's true for most of us that know them. And it's really they've done a lot for my patients in particular. And I'm very appreciative. Here's a case for Don, 21-year-old collegiate basketball player, aching pain mid-foot, six months, worse with walking, unable to run, cut, jump, or pivot. What's the problem? That could be a lot of things. All right. There's an X-ray. And it's pretty hard for you to see, but there's something going on on the nubicular. I don't know if your screen will show it. There's a little line in the nubicular. Well, apparently he's got a stress fracture of the nubicular, which is hard for me to see. But that's the way they come on. They come on with a dull ache. And it's a semi-emergency to treat this so that it doesn't displace and create a lot of problems. And you want me to discuss it? Yeah. Yeah, so what would you do next? Well, I've had a lot of these in my practice, nubicular stress fractures, which I prefer to put two small screws across that nubicular bone to kind of compress that. Now I'm using biologic stem cell-like material, which really speeds up the healing. But in one case I had that went to the final four, he was going to the final four and he had this stress fracture. So for a month before, I put him on an exogen unit and an EBI stimulator, both. And I went to the final four and held my breath while he guarded Brand at Duke. And they beat Duke in the finals of the final four. And then I put two screws across there. And he played for 10 years in the NBA. But let me tell you, I was a nervous wreck. That's one game you do not rest, you know? Well, we did something you wouldn't like, probably. We treated him non-operatively. And here's his image eight weeks later after my non-operative treatment. What do you think of that? You think that was predictable? Well, occasionally they'll heal. I don't know, I think it's well known in the papers that Michael Jordan had one of these in college. And he was treated non-operatively. And he sort of played through it. And his got well, and he never had any problem with it his whole career. So they will heal. But that looks like it's developing a bit of a non-union. I can't tell. Yeah, well, it was still painful. And in terms of screws, two screws from different directions, or together, or does it matter? Or compression, cannulated, non-cannulated? Don't ask Ted this. Well, Ted probably would know more about that. But I put them in the same direction, generally. I don't think there'd be anything wrong with putting them in different directions. Ted, what do you think? Does it matter for this? Well, if you put them from different directions, you need more exposure and more incisions. So I probably drew them from one side. But my first question would have been, why did you get this? Yeah, yeah. I actually don't know the case. It came from our group, but I don't know the case. I can't tell you. But that is the question, isn't it? Yeah, that is the question. And what would you suspect as being a reason why that you would look at? Well, probably anybody in the room can tell you what my first suspicion would be is that he had a tight gastroc, and he had too much pressure on his midfoot. So how do you deal with cutting gastrocs in basketball players? Can they jump higher? You can release them. That has no long-term effect on function in the great majority. Now, once in a while, it does. And I'm suspicious it's because somebody does it a little bit improperly. And you'd say, well, how could you mess up a gastroc? Boy, foot surgeons are really innovative. You can mess up anything if you work hard at it. And some people probably have a little bit of variance in the normal anatomy, and then it can happen. But it's pretty unlikely. It's interesting, if I can just take a minute. I can talk a little bit about this one guy, because his stuff was published in Sports Illustrated, so I wouldn't be talking out of school. John Olerud was a very good baseball player, and his father is on our faculty. And he had finally reached 35 or so and was let go by the Mariners. And he was picked up by the Yankees to help them in playing for the ACLS thing one year. And he just swung a bat and all of a sudden had this midfoot pain. And they couldn't figure out what was wrong with him. So his dad called me and said, would you be willing to see him, see why he's having this pain? He can hardly walk. And I said, well, it'll probably be that he's either got a navicular stress fracture or a subtle lisfranc injury. And so sure enough, when he got there, and I said, it'll be because he has a tight gastroc. So he got there, and I asked him about gastroc. And he said, I've had to stretch my calf muscles every single day my entire life. He's six five, big guy, but he would have walked on his toes. And then we did the workup, and he had a gastroc. I mean, he had a lisfranc. So we repaired the lisfranc and used the, when we did the gastroc slide, we took a little bit of the patellar, what's that little tendon I blocked? Plantarus. Plantarus tendon and made him a new lisfranc ligament. And the next year, he's back playing for this time one of the other, Boston, I think, and played perfectly well again because they picked him up again to just take him through that little period of time that they really needed some special hitting and so forth. And he was back. We lengthened both of his gastrocs, back playing professional baseball at a high level. Nice. We're going to get into the gastroc. As you know, I wouldn't let that get by. So we'll talk a little bit about that in a minute. But these are some pictures that Lou has sprinkled into these talks. This is fastest man in the US at the time, Carl Lewis. You had operated on him before or after he was fast? Carl Lewis had a hurt knee. And I treated these runners. And so I said, well, go over to my swimming pool and run in the water till your knee gets better. So he went to my house with some friends of his. And they ran in the water till their pulse was 220. And they were going. Four months later, he went to Korea and set the world record, 100 meters. And my maid at the time spent all her day taking him orange juice to the pool and not cleaning my house. And so I got a call in my office. And it was my maid saying, we did it. We did it. I said, what did we do? He said, we set the world record. In other words, her orange juice helped him set the world record. So I did treat him with orange juice. All right. This is a pretty straightforward 21-year-old football player, midfoot pain. These are the x-rays, injuring films. It's one side versus the other. Right's injured. It's got a subtle lisfranc. How do you treat these, Don? There's very little subluxation. Well, I think if it's a, I take it, are these stress views? No, this is a standing. I don't think it's a stress view. Well, if there's any separation, I do what I learned from Ted Hansen, which is to put two screws in. And I leave them 16 weeks. I initially left them six weeks, take them out, and it wouldn't hold. The foot would fall apart. So about 25, he may not remember, about 25 or 30 years ago, he said, leave them in 16 weeks. And so if it's separated, I put in the screws for 16 weeks, then take them out, and they do fine. If it's a grade one and no displacement, I'll treat them conservatively. Ted? This could be the x-ray of the patient I just described, actually. And so I just told you what I would do. OK, good, that makes it quick. Actually, this doesn't show much of a list, Frank. A little bit of edema there. This is what was done. One screw, is that too little? Could it be too little? Is what? Do you use one or two screws, Ted? Does it matter? Well, I rarely use just one screw for anything. There are places where you can, but it's kind of like putting all your money in one box or something. And two, always, in this place, there's no chance for rotation, which is the usual problem of one screw where you can rotate around it. So it would be acceptable, but probably in my hands, less than ideal, I'd probably put a second. And when would you take the screws out? Or would you take them out? Don't always take them out. OK. And Don? You know, since we don't have Ken Johnson and Roger Mann up here to argue, you know, I treat a lot of elite runners, I mean, runners that are really, really fast. And I have an aversion from doing a gastroc release. And so I can't remember doing that. And I understand about having tight gastrocs and releasing them when you get problems like this. But I just worry about that one hundredth of a second that they're going to lose if they lose some function. And so when I first started dealing with plantar fascia, that's what I was thinking. When I didn't release the plantar fascia, I wanted to keep the speed of the runner. And that's the reason I tried to fix them differently. And I use two screws. I'm like you. But the gastroc, we might have a little difference of opinion in that. But that's about all I know. OK. Yeah, so at five months, the screws were removed. And I wonder if they need to be removed. I mean, there's good argument to leave them in. In this case, there's five months it was stable. So I asked some of your former fellows to give me some cases. That's what I really wanted. And Chris sent this. He wants to send this picture of you. Not sure if you're wrestling this patient down or what's going on. But he said you always would say respect wisdom, but challenge conventional wisdom. And here's a case he sent in for you to tell us what you do. Ted fell off a roof. Yeah, obviously, this isn't a diabetic foot, is it? No, not diabetic. Been run over, probably. Well, it's the same thing. We usually go in and try to put everything back in the exact anatomic position, not necessarily save any of the joints. The only two joints that I call mobile joints are the cross-Lisfranc, or even I call them cushioning joints, actually, when they don't move very much. But the three medial Lisfranc joints are what I call stability joints, which means that, like all the rest of the inner cuneiforms and so forth, they can be fused to fix a shape without any loss of function. So the joints that are involved here, virtually everything can be put in line and fused. And you should have normal function. So this is Chris's case. And I guess he listened to you. He did a great job. Here's another guy who fell off a roof. More smaller injury, looks, from what I can see, like it's mostly a purely ligamentous injury. How do you approach that now? Ted, again. I think very similar to, if I understand what we're seeing here, I think very similar to before. It looks like this is mostly between the first and second inner cuneiform and the base. And the main thing here is to fuse probably the first to the second cuneiform, as well as to fuse the bases of the first, second, and third tarsal metatarsals. You'd fuse it rather than try to put fixation across it and take fixation out and all that stuff. Again, that's kind of why I mentioned what I did before. These joints are supposed to be what I call stability joints. In other words, they don't need any motion to perform normal function. So I'm pretty quick to fuse them. Because sometimes, if you don't, then they'll kind of loosen up or have a little arthritis later. I'm not against just fixing them. But I frequently fuse them for that reason. So this became popular. This is Chris's case. Somebody bridge plated it. And then removed the hardware. And this is a picture of it after the hardware was moved. The joint's preserved with a bridge plate, as you can see. And there it is. This is six years out from the removal. Should have fused it. Should have fused it. OK. Then it got fused. Don, Lou sent me this case. Here's a patient he did a fixation on for a fracture. And still has persistent ankle pain after a fibula fracture, like this. What are you thinking about? The superficial deltoid. Superficial deltoid. Wow, that was quick. Here's an intraoperative, I guess that's the fibula being moved around. That's the tibia on the top. That's the incisura there. And the talus on the bottom. It's pretty loose. So what would you do for this patient, going back to this? What would you do? You're talking about the fibulotibial ligament? Yeah, the syndesmosis is somewhat unstable. You know that from scope. You suspect the superficial deltoid's a problem. Well, in the 80s or early 90s, I presented a paper to the Foot Society that we never wrote up. But it was the effect of the superficial deltoid in relation to a diastasis injury. And we never wrote that up. But since then, it's become very popular. Everyone's talking about the superficial deltoid. And if the superficial deltoid is stretched out, and you have a fibular fracture and a diastasis, I have gone in and reattached the deltoid, either to the tibia where it pulls off, or to the navicular bone, and tightened it up. And I've had the patients that I've done, and I've probably done 25 or 30 like that, without putting a transfixing screw in or a tightrope. And I wanted to see if we could treat these patients like a fibular fracture with an intact deltoid, which we know heals. And most of the time, we'll leave them alone, rather than putting a screw across the interosseous membrane. So I would probably just fix the superficial deltoid in this patient and leave the interosseous membrane alone. Well, that's what your mentee here did. Apparently, the patient did well. One of your mentees also, Drew Murphy, told us that you always said, listen to the patient, examine Cassidy, trust your exam, understand the patient. You spent a lot of time on that. And in the quotes, you're saying, if you have a 15-minute new patient appointment, it will take one minute to figure out what the surgery they need, and 14 to figure out if that is the right patient for the procedure, which I thought I'd put in. Flexible flat foot, this is for Ted. This is a case from one of your mentees, no blanking on who sent this to me. Is that the right thing to do? What would you do here? Well, that looks like the right thing to do for the bony part. But the soft tissue part would be, we don't know what they did. It would at least require some lengthening of the gastroc or the heel cord, depending on which to test for it and so forth. Did you use to do a lot of lateral column lengthenings? And in this case, there's a lot of work done. I think this is actually maybe your case from his fellowship. This might have been Alistair that sent this to me. Would you now do a lateral column lengthening in addition to this? Or do you stay with the concept of trying to stabilize the medial side? Interestingly enough, I'm getting away a little bit from lateral column lengthening because there's always some late problems with lateral column lengthening. Either if you get later arthritis in the cuboid 4-5, or you get impingement in the sinus tarsae if you go up higher. And so I've begun, or I had begun when I was still operating a lot, to go in the same area here and maybe do a little closing wedge, maybe plantar and medial closing wedge osteotomy through the navicular cuneiforms as I fuse those to bring the foot back in alignment. And that has no late complication that I ever saw. So you decompress. So there was a time that I was very enthused about lateral column lengthening, but I'm not anymore. I must say, I'm glad that I don't do what Don does. He treats athletes who want to be made better than normal. I have a hell of a time with that. So I like people that aren't very athletic, even though I present an athletic problem. But if people aren't trying to do some sort of high-level athletics, they work very well with those kind of standard procedures. But when you take on a guy that wants to run under 10 seconds in a 100-yard dash, which I can't imagine, I don't like to try to make them be able to do that. So this is a picture of Art Minoli and that young child. There is Tim Beals. I don't know if Tim's here. This is a book you pointed out to me, and I think you actually sent me this book eventually. You sent me a copy of this book by this person. Why did you send that book to me? I read it. It's really interesting. That's why I sent it. It's really interesting. It's really nice. I mean, can you imagine getting a book in the mail from Ted Hansen 25 years ago, when I first started in practice? I said, you should read this. Everything's in there. OK. This is it. I'll pull it out. OK, so this is you. One of the structures you've been picking on is this gas track. What's wrong with the design of the human body that has a gas track that's causing all this problem? Nothing wrong with the body. It's just that we decided to stand up on two legs, and that's not the way the original design probably was, because then you bring your heel down to the ground and it tightens up the calf. And it explains completely why so many people have trouble with tight gas tracks. I mean, everybody asks me, how could nature screw up so much that there are so many tight gas tracks? And my answer is, look around the room how many people are wearing glasses. If you think nature doesn't ever screw up, how do you explain that? Yeah, that's good. What do you think of this? This is Christie Giovanni's kind of new way to do this. A few little, a scope. He's been highly influenced by you. Think it's a good idea to scope it? Ted, scope release, the gas track? Oh, you know, I don't like scoping, but I think it's perfectly all right. I mean, I wouldn't do it personally, but I know a lot of people do, and that's fine. But I don't mind looking at things. If you leave a little scar, it's like leaving your signature, you know, so people know you're there. So according to Chris, he said, when I was a resident, the question is, what is a gas track recession? When I was a fellow and young and tiny, I was, who in God's name would recess the gas track, and why would we need one? And then 10 to 15 years into practice, why didn't you do a gas track? And then now it is, holy Batman, this muscle seems to be connected to a bunch of foot problems. So Chris is definitely on your side. This is for Don Runner, so 42, back heel pain. You went ahead and you did a procedure that none of us did, which was cut the heels. I think it was you that did a central splitting approach to the Achilles debridement. This is just a basic case of taking off a bump and technique for a couple of suture anchors and a way to tighten it all up. But tell me how this is done for you, and do you still do this central splitting, and are you still wedded to this crazy idea? Yes, I do these very often. And the reason I thought about this was when we used to go in for that problem, we would either go medially or laterally because we said you would mess up the skin centrally or they would slough it. And what you do when you go in medially or laterally, you go through all this normal Achilles tendon to get to the pathology. And I thought to myself, if we could leave the normal part of the Achilles alone and just take out the disease part and the painful calcium, and then split the Achilles and separate it and take the Hagelin's deformity off through that split, and then zipper it back together, would that not be a good idea? So Bill McGarvey and I, I think, wrote the article where we compared doing this central splitting procedure for this in younger people and older people. And it was the first time I'd really realized that you have two operations in an older person over, say, 60. The tendon is more diseased. And in those, you often have to do a tendon transfer of the flexor hallucis or whatever and detach it. Because they don't get well, the Achilles just doesn't respond. But anyone younger, and you split this, our outcomes were very, very good. And we started doing it in athletes because the athletes needed their function. And one of the first cases I ever did was Roger Mann came through Houston to ask me about an athlete in Boston, a famous basketball player, that had this problem. And he couldn't jump. He couldn't jump very well before, but he really couldn't jump then. And I said, on a napkin at the Warwick Hotel in Houston, I said, just take and feel exactly where the point of pain is. Make a small incision right where that pain is. Spread that Achilles tendon. Go through the skin and the subcutaneous tissue and the tendon at the same time so you don't undermine the tendon of the skin. Take the little calcium out and close that up. And this particular player came back and played three more years with no pain. So we started a series. And I don't know how many I've done now, but I'm able to do this quite often. And now I'm taking older patients, and I'm getting umbilical membrane wrap imported from the Miami Tissue Bank. And I'm wrapping it around the Achilles tendon. And I've had some of these one runner that's 80 years old that's a national runner that has the world record in some of these events. Had this done in three months, he was running again after debriding his Achilles without detaching it. So you can change the paradigm of the Achilles. You can move it from an older Achilles to a younger by using biologics. And I know Lou's done a lot of that. And I'm sure people in this room are finding that out. But this is very exciting for the future, for the young people here that want to do studies. You've got to get into this kind of thing. Yeah. Good. This is a case Jeff sent me that was going to make Ted Cringe, which is a mild bunion in a young person doing this. But I'm going to jump over that. There he is, Jeff Johnson. And boy, he looks young there. And Jim Beskin. OK, so I'm going to actually, because of time, I would like to actually jump ahead to another case. So this is just, this is an FHL, this is a delayed rupture of a recognition, or a bad rupture of the Achilles in a young person, who either one of you, or maybe both of you, told me to use the FHL. Both of you were using the FHL way before, Ted was definitely using it, and maybe Don was, way before anybody else that I knew was using for it. And just to show you now, six years later, I just asked her dad how she's doing, and she's doing great. I just did an FHL transfer and cleaned up that. But here's a case for Ted, RA patient, prior subtalar fusion, TMT fusion, just not enough. Bad ankle. What are you going to do here? Well, I think it's kind of, not too sure, but I think this is one where I could add that plantar medial closing wedge, and the navicular cuneiform area, and straighten that around. The ankle's, I can't see it very well. But the ankle is bad. The ankle is, it's got cysts on both sides. It's got a big cyst on the tibial side. You going to fuse the ankle too, or replace it in a rheumatoid patient? Replace the ankle? Yeah. I hate doing that. I did a lot of them, but I hate doing it. Well, you're using a, yeah. I don't know. I wonder if this foot weren't, if it wasn't really nicely aligned and straightened out, that the ankle might settle down. I can't really tell. My first idea would be to see if it would function, if it was really nice and straight. Alistair, I think, wrote this. He taught me how to assess what was wrong, or maybe one of your, how to perform the surgery to correct it, and how the courage to perform the best surgery for the patient. Yeah, Alistair sent me that. That sounds right, yeah. And Alistair did this. He did a total ankle TAL and midfoot fusions. And great alignment. We'll see how the ankle does. Rheumatoid patients actually don't use their ankles that much. If they can stay in place, that'd probably be OK. So I wanted to, I have to, we'll have to close soon. Here's the patient post-op, three months out. Here are some of your fellows. This is a great picture on the right bottom with Mike Bragi, John Early, a lot of people in that picture. Bruce and Georgian has a lot more hair in that picture. And Alistair said, in my mind, his contribution was, this is you, Ted. It was very simple. Taught us how to make the feet straight. Taught us the prints, the techniques, and to get reliable results. And Chris said, as with most important issues, Ted talked about it and said, someone should research it and put it on paper, which was either an invitation challenge or an assignment to his fellows to prove or disprove his conviction. These are some of the comments about Don. He taught us that nerves were an important part of the foot. Masterful surgeon. Patients loved him. You can all read that. And these are a number of his fellows and trainees. Tremendous. And each one of these fellows, and many of the fellows have fellows themselves, so you have this endless stream of generations of surgeons in this room, either that are directly or indirectly have been trained by each of you. So from all of us at the AOFAS, we want to thank you for your tremendous contributions. Thank you. Thank you for those great words. Yeah. I was like, you could say that. Same with us, you guys.

childhood experiences

values

foot and ankle surgery

treatment approaches

Achilles tendon injuries

bunion surgeries

role models