A need for this educational activity has been determined based on previous course evaluations and the AOFAS educational curriculum. The content of this course was based on current issues and topics provided by AOFAS membership and leadership. For more information on the AOFAS CME mission, visit aofas.org/education.

AOFAS requires all instructors, planners, and other individuals in a position to control or influence the content of an educational activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships or affiliations during the past 12 months with any commercial interest (any entity producing, marketing, re-selling, or distributing healthcare goods and services consumed by, or used on patients). All identified conflicts of interest must be resolved and the education content vetted by AOFAS for fair balance, scientific objectivity, and appropriateness. AOFAS also requires faculty to disclose when off-label/unapproved uses of a product are discussed in a CME activity. AOFAS attests that the persons responsible for the development of this educational activity did so independently and were not influenced by commercial supporters. All financial disclosures will be provided to meeting attendees in the final program materials.

The material presented in this continuing medical education activity has been made available by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) for educational purposes only. This material is not intended to represent the only, nor necessarily the best, methods or procedures appropriate for the medical situation discussed, but rather is intended to present an approach, view, statement, or opinion of the authors or presenters, which may be helpful or of interest to other practitioners. Methods, techniques, and procedures demonstrated and views and opinions expressed by speakers, presenters, and faculty are their own, and do not necessarily represent those of AOFAS, nor does presentation on the program represent or constitute endorsement or promotion by AOFAS. AOFAS expressly disclaims any warranties or guarantees, expressed or implied, and shall not be liable for damages of any kind in connection with the material, methods, information, techniques, opinions, or procedures expressed, presented, or demonstrated.

FDA Statement
Some drugs or medical devices demonstrated at this meeting have not been cleared by the FDA or have been cleared by the FDA for specific purposes only. The FDA has stated that it is the responsibility of the physician to determine the FDA clearance status of each drug or medical devices he or she wishes to use in clinical practice. AOFAS policy provides that “off label” uses of a drug or medical device may be described in its CME activities so long as the “off label” use of the drug or medical device is also specifically disclosed (i.e., it must be disclosed that the FDA has not cleared the drug or device for the described purpose). Any drug or medical device is being used “off label” if the described use is not set forth on the products approval label.

Faculty/Planner Disclosure Declaration
As an Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) provider, AOFAS has the obligation to ensure the delivery of education that is balanced and free of commercial bias. To achieve this, it is the policy of the AOFAS that all CME-related board members, committee members (“planners”), faculty, and appropriate staff disclose in writing to the learners’ all financial relationships that you have had in the past 24 months with ineligible companies. An “ineligible company” are those whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.

In addition to faculty members, commentators from the floor are charged with verbally disclosing any interests immediately prior to speaking. All disclosures are provided in this final program distributed at the meeting to all program participants.

In accordance with AOFAS policy:
Faculty participation in this educational activity will be predicated upon timely submission and review of AOFAS disclosure. An individual who refuses to disclose all financial relationships will be disqualified from being a planning committee member, a teacher, or an author of CME, and cannot have control of, or responsibility for, the development, management, presentation, or evaluation of the CME activity. Non-compliance will result in a faculty member being stricken from the program.

An indication of the participant’s disclosure appears after his or her name as well as the ineligible company that provided the support. AOFAS does not view the existence of these disclosed interests or commitments as necessarily implying bias or decreasing the value of the author’s participation in this activity. In addition to ensuring that presentations be free of bias, faculty members are required to ensure that all material presented and discussed will be based on best- available evidence.

Faculty Disclosures 

Jonathon Backus, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Medline Unite: Paid Consultant, Royalties
Marrow Access Technologies: Stock or Stock Options
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Rick Brown, MBBS
British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
DJ Orthopaedics: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Royalties

James Calder, MD, PhD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Research Support
Innovate Ltd: Stock or Stock Options
Innovate orthopaedics Ltd: Owner, Stock or Stock Options

Dominic Carreira, MD
CONMED Linvatec: Royalties
Zimmer: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Arthrex Inc: Research Support
Orthopedics: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board

Callum Clark, MB BChir, MSFEM(UK)
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
The Foot (Elsevier): Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Robert Clayton, MBChB
Stryker: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
DJ Orthopaedics: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Foot and Ankle Scotland: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Timothy Clough, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Royalties
OrthoSolutions: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Royalties
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Paid Consultant, Research Support, Royalties
Standing CT: Stock or Stock Options
The Foot: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
BOFAS Scientific Committee: Board member/committee appointments for a society
BOFAS Outcomes Committee: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Elizabeth Cody, MD
AOFAS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Paragon28: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Stryker: Paid Consultant

Nicholas Cullen, FRCS(Orth)
Nothing to Disclose 

Pieter D'Hooghe, MD, PhD
Nothing to Disclose 

Mark Drakos, MD
Extremity Medical: Royalties, Paid Consultant
Fast Form: Paid Consultant
Pitusan 360: Paid Consultant
DePuy Synthes: Paid Consultant
Gotham Surgical Solutions and Devices: Paid Consultant
Arthrex Inc: Paid Consultant

Eric Ferkel, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
AAOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Arthroscopy Association of North America: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Johnson & Johnson: Paid Consultant
Ossio: Paid Consultant
MedArtis: Paid Consultant
Smith & Nephew: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
California Orthopaedic Association: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Paul Fortin, MD
Nuvasive: Paid Consultant
Paragon28: Paid Consultant, Royalties
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Research Support
Stryker: Paid Consultant

Eric Giza, MD
Arthrex Inc: Royalties, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Research Support
Zimmer: Royalties, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Research Support
TissueTech: Paid Consultant, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Research Support
Alafair, Inc: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Mark Glazebrook, MD, PhD, MSc
Linvatec: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Stryker: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Research Support
Bioventous: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
FORTIS: Paid Consultant
Axolotl: Stock or Stock Options
Canadian Orthopaedic Association: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Submedio: Paid Consultant
CONMED Linvatec: Stock or Stock Options
Zimmer: Stock or Stock Options
Cerapedics: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Stock or Stock Options, Research Support

Julie Glosson    
Staff
Nothing to Disclose 

Paul Halliwell, MD
Stryker: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
DJ Orthopaedics: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Standing CT Company: Stock or Stock Options
British Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Steve Hepple, MBChB
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Paid Consultant, Research Support

MaCalus Hogan, MD, MBA
AAOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
ISAKOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
J. Robert Gladden Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American: Royalties
Springer: Royalties
Sterile Vision: Unpaid Consultant

Kenneth Hunt, MD
Paragon28: Paid Consultant
Panther Orthopaedics: Stock or Stock Options
Journal of ISAKOS: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
International Soc of Arthroscopy_Knee Surg_Ortho Sports Med: Board member/committee appointments for a society

A. Holly Johnson, MD
Novastep: Royalties, Paid Consultant
Carbon22: Stock or Stock Options
Altier Trauma: Stock or Stock Options
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
AOFAMIS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter

John Kennedy, MD
Arteriocyte Medical Systems, Inc.: Paid Consultant
International Society for Cartilage Repair of the Ankle: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Isotis Orthobiologics: Paid Consultant
Regen Med NY: Paid Consultant
In2Bones: Paid Consultant

Christopher Kreulen, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Research Support
Zimmer: Research Support
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Research Support
MedShape: Research Support
Arthrex Inc: Royalties
Restor3d: Paid Consultant

Peter Mangone, MD
Arthrex Inc: Presenter, Royalties, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Osteocentric: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Stock or Stock Options
Ziptek, LLC: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Stock or Stock Options
Artelon: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Trice Medical: Paid Consultant
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
AAOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Jeremy McCormick, MD
Stryker: Moderator, Royalties, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Foot and Ankle International: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Joshua Metzl, MD
Arthrex Inc: Presenter, Royalties, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant

James Michelson, MD
Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Presenter, Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board

Roslyn Miller, MD
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Presenter, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter

Phinit Phisitkul, MD
Arthrex Inc: Presenter, Royalties
First Ray and Mortise Medical: Stock or Stock Options

David Porter, MD, PhD
Physician Rehabilitation Services: Presenter, Paid Consultant
TayCo Brace: Unpaid Consultant
AOFAS Research Grant: Research Support
Elsevier Publishing: Royalties, Financial or Material Support from Publishers

Fernando Raduan, MD
No Relevant Financial Relationships: Presenter

Christopher Reb, DO
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Presenter, Board member/committee appointments for a society
American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopaedics F&A Section: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Heath Taylor, MBBS
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Presenter, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Research Support
BOFAS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter

C. Niek Van Dijk, MD
Episurf: Presenter, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Journal of ISAKOS: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board

Andrea Veljkovic, MD, MPH
AIC Therapia: Presenter, Stock or Stock Options
Synthes, Wright Medical, Zimmer, Biomed: Research Support
JBJS Surgical Techniques: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
COFAS research director, AOFAS research board: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Gregory Waryasz, MD
Arthrex Inc: Presenter, Research Support
VKTRY: Research Support
AOFAS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Turner Imaging: Research Support

Alastair Younger, MBChB
Zimmer: Moderator, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Research Support
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant, Research Support
CONMED Linvatec: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Acumed LLC: Paid Consultant, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Axolotyl: Paid Consultant
Biocomposites: Paid Consultant, Research Support
Precision OS: Paid Consultant
Arthrex Inc: Research Support
Saunders/Mosby-Elsevier: Royalties, Financial or Material Support from Publishers
Foot and Ankle International: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Canadian Orthopaedic Association: Board member/committee appointments for a society
British Columbia Orthopaedic Association: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Stryker: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Program Committee

Mohamed Abd-Ella, MD
Egyptian foot and ankle society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Jonathon Backus, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Medline Unite: Paid Consultant
Marrow Access Technologies: Stock or Stock Options
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Callum Clark, MFSEM(UK), MB BChir, FRCS(Tr&Orth)
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
The Foot (Elsevier): Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

M. Truitt Cooper, MD
In2Bones: Royalties, Paid Consultant, Stock or Stock Options, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
GLW, inc.: Stock or Stock Options
Integra Life Sciences: Research Support
DJ Orthopaedics: Research Support
Foot and Ankle Specialist: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Daniel Farber, MD
Treace Medical: Paid Consultant, Research Support
JMEA: Stock or Stock Options
DJ Orthopaedics: Research Support
AAOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Arthrex Inc: Other Financial or Material Support
Wright Medical Group N.V.: Other Financial or Material Support

Lauren Geaney, MD
Paragon28: Paid Consultant
Arthrex Inc: Research Support
Foot and Ankle International: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Techniques in Orthopedics: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Techniques in Orthopedic Surgery: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Connecticut Orthopedic Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Daniel Guss, MD, MBA
Arthrex Inc: Research Support
Butterfly, Inc.: Research Support
DJO/AOFAS Traveling Fellowship: Other Financial or Material Support
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
AOFAS Traveling Fellowship 2019: Other Financial or Material Support
Ossio: Paid Consultant, Stock or Stock Options

Tracy Harig, DNP, APRN, FNP-C
Nothing to Disclose

Thomas Hearty, MD, DPT
Orthobullets: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Casey Humbyrd, MD, MBE
Oxford University Press: Royalties, Financial or Material Support from Publishers
AAOS: Board member/committee appointments for a society
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Kelly Hynes,MD
Acumed LLC: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
BoneSupport: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society:Board member/committee appointments for a society

James Lachman, MD
Arthrex Inc: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Unpaid Consultant
FlowFX: Unpaid Consultant
Foot and Ankle International: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Elizabeth Martin, MD
Nothing to Disclose 

James Meeker, MD
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Irvin Oh, MD
Innomed: Royalties

Cristian Ortiz, MD
Synthes, GMREIS: Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Paid Consultant
STEPS2walk: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
IFFAS president: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Acumed LLC: Paid Consultant, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter, Unpaid Consultant
Synthes: Unpaid Consultant
GMREIS: Unpaid Consultant

Charles Saltzman, MD
Zimmer: Royalties
Smith & Nephew: Paid Consultant
Lima: Unpaid Consultant
Crossroads Extremities: Stock or Stock Options
Bio2: Stock or Stock Options
Elsevier: Royalties, Financial or Material Support from Publishers
Paragon28: Paid Consultant
Vilex: Paid Consultant
Nextremity: Paid Consultant
Foot and Ankle International: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
Foot and Ankle Orthopaedics: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Inc.: Board member/committee appointments for a society

João Vide, MD
Arthrex Inc: Paid Consultant, Speaker's Bureau/Presenter
Knee Surgery, Sports traumatology, Arthroscopy: Medical/Orthopaedic publications editorial/governing board
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society
European Federation of National Assoc of Ortho and Trauma: Board member/committee appointments for a society
Federation of Orthopaedic Trainees in Europe - FORTE: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Richard Zell, MD
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society

Jacob Zide, MD
Orthofix Inc.: Paid Consultant
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society: Board member/committee appointments for a society


All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated.